As stated in the Application of Article 4.1 of TCPS 2, where a language barrier exists between the prospective participant and the researcher, various measures, for example an intermediary, may be used to ensure effective communication in recruitment and consent discussions. If the research has a more involved process requiring participant feedback and discussion and/or if the topic is sensitive it may also be necessary to provide translators. This means making recruitment, consent and other material, if any, available in the relevant language(s). Researchers should provide all information necessary in the language that participants understand to allow them to make informed decisions regarding their participation in research. This determination should be guided by the principle of Respect for Persons in TCPS 2. If research material will be offered to participants in more than one language, how do researchers and REBs decide what research material should be made available in those language(s)?ĭeciding upon the language(s) in which research material should be made available must be determined on a case-by-case basis, based on the context of the research and the extent to which the inclusion of all linguistic groups is germane to answering the research question. It is equally important that in their reviews, REBs should have the relevant expertise and knowledge for a competent review of research material in those languages (see Article 6.5).Ģ. Though this article deals with research conducted in other countries, it applies equally to any community or participant population in any jurisdiction. They should also inform the REB of "their strategies to familiarize themselves with the relevant norms and cultural practices…" ( Application of Article 8.3). In general, researchers should do exploratory work before conducting the research to understand the make-up of the community they wish to involve in their research. Researchers must provide information in a language that participants can understand to be able to make an informed decision to participate in a research project in accordance with Articles 3.2 and 3.3 of TCPS 2. Making this decision is based on the extent that the inclusion of the linguistic groups is germane to answering the research question and guided by the principle of Respect for Persons in TCPS 2. However, if the objective of the research is, for example, to gather the views of a cross-section of parents of hockey players in a bilingual community, then the research material and resources (including consent information and other communications addressed to participants) should be available in both languages. If the research is focused on a community or group that communicates in a specific language, it would be justifiable to have the research conducted and material provided in that specific language only. It is "the focus, objective, nature of research and context in which the research is conducted inform the inclusion and exclusion criteria for a specific research project" ( Application of Article 4.1). Can a researcher justify conducting research in a specific language(s) only?
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